Plants are photoautotrphs. “Photo” means that they can capture sunlight energy. “Autotroph” means that plants are able to take in carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to build their organic molecule; in short, they are self-feeders able to whip up their own grub. To accomplish this, plant cells are different from animals cells in a few important ways. The following is a list, with summaries of the different parts of a plant cell.

Cell Wall: Structural Support of Plant Cells

Plants have a cell wall beyond their plasma membrane. This structure surrounds the entire cell and provides support and shape. The cell wall prevents the plant cell from taking on too much water through osmosis. The pressure of the cell wall keeps a plant cell from exploding when in a hypotonic (watery) environment.

Chloroplasts: Capture Sunlight Energy

Plants are able to make their own food from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. Chloroplasts are special organelles within a plant cell, which contain the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures energy from red and blue wavelengths of sunlight. The leaves of most plants appear green, because chlorophyll is unable to capture green light, and instead reflects it back.